Variasi Pola Sidik Bibir Pada Siswa Penyandang Down Syndrome dari Beberapa Sekolah di Kota Bengkulu
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Down Syndrome merupakan kelainan genetik autosomal karena kelebihan pada jumlah kromosom21 (Trisomi). Salah satu kekhasan pada penyandang down syndrome adalah mulut selalu terbuka, bibir memiliki celah dan relatif tebal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakteristik pola sidik bibir pada penyandang down syndrome. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2021-Februari 2022 menggunakan metode wawancara dan pendataan langsung terhadap siswa penyandang down syndrome yang memenuhi syarat inklusi dari beberapa sekolah di Kota Bengkulu. Identifikasi pola sidik bibir mengacu pada klasifikasi menurut Suzuki dan Tsuchihashi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square pada program SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siswa penyandang down syndrome ditemukan dua pola sidik bibir yaitu tipe I dan tipe II dengan pola dominan pada tipe I. Persentase pola sidik bibir tipe I pada siswa laki-laki sebesar 66,7% dan pada siswa perempuan 57,1%. Pola sidik bibir tipe II pada siswa laki-laki sebesar 33,3% dan pada siswa perempuan 42,9%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan uji Chi-square, tidak terdapat hubungan antara pola sidik bibir dengan rasio tebal bibir dan panjang bibir, serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara pola sidik bibir dengan kemampuan berbicara, kemampuan berjalan, kemampuan menggenggam pena dan kemampuan menulis pada siswa penyandang down syndrome dari beberapa sekolah di kota Bengkulu. Pola sidik bibir dominan tipe I dan II yang ditemukan pada siswa penyandang down syndrome juga umum ditemukan pada non-down syndrome.
Kata Kunci: Cheiloscopy, Down syndrome, Pola sidik bibir
ABSTRACT
An excess of chromosomal number 21 (Trisomy) causes the autosomal genetic disease known as down syndrome. One of the characteristics of people with down syndrome is that their lips have a gap and are rather thick, and their mouths are always open. This study's objective was to examine the characteristics of down syndrome students' lip print patterns. The study was carried out at multiple schools in Bengkulu City between December 2021 and February 2022 using interviews and direct data collecting on Down syndrome pupils with inclusion requirements. The classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi is used to identify lip print patterns. The Chi-square test was used to examine the data in SPSS version 22. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test in the SPSS version 22. The findings indicated that students with Down syndrome had type I and type II lip print patterns, with type I predominating. Male students had a type I lip print pattern prevalence of 66.7%, compared to 57.1% for female students. 33.3% of male students have type II lip print patterns, compared to 42.9% of female students. According to the Chi-square analysis, there is no correlation between lip print patterns, the ratio of lip thickness to lip length, and speaking, walking, pen grasping, and writing abilities in down syndrome from various schools in Bengkulu city. Since the dominating lip print pattern of types I and II observed in down syndrome students is also frequently shown in non-down syndrome individuals, this pattern cannot be used to predict specific motor skills in down syndrome students.
Keywords: Cheiloscopy, Down syndrome, Lip print patterns
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