Solvent Exploration for Propolis Extraction Using Isopropanol, Ethanol, Propylene Glycol as Antibacterial Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Fadya Yudisya Lutfiah

Fadya Yudisya Lutfiah Institut Teknologi Sumatera

Keywords: antibacterial, ethanol, isopropanol, propolis, propylene glycol

Abstract

Propolis is one of the bee’s products that is reported has many benefits from its compounds. Propolis has a complex compound, therefore it is important to choose a suitable solvent for the extraction process. The aim of this study was to determine propolis’ solubility, the secondary metabolite classes, and antibacterial activity against S.aureus and E.coli of propolis extracted using different solvents, namely ethanol 96%, isopropanol, propylene glycol, and the combination of three solvents. There were nine ratios of used in the extraction process, A1(Ethanol 96%); A2 (Isopropanol); A3 (Propylene glycol); B1((Ethanol 96%:Isopropanol:Propylene glycol (6:3:1)); B2 ((Ethanol 96%:Isopropanol:Propylene glycol (1:6:3)); B3 (Ethanol 96 %:Isopropanol:Propylene glycol (3:1:6)); C1 ((Isopropanol:Propylene glycol (8:2)); C2 (Ethanol 96%:Propylene glycol (2:8)); dan C3 (Ethanol 96%:Isopropanol (8:2)). The best solubility was determined by the height of the precipitate after centrifugation. The secondary metabolite classes were tested on each extract. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method. The order of solvents that produced low precipitate was isopropanol, ethanol 96%, and propylene glycol. All propolis extracts were positive alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and negative for steroid/triterpenoid. The result of antibacterial activity against S.aureus in extracts A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3 showed weak inhibitory with respective inhibition zones 2,10 ± 0,62; 2,40 ± 0,60; 3,17 ± 0,80; 3,50 ± 0,44; 3,30 ± 0,10; 3,30 ± 1,56; 3,10 ± 0,96; 3,78 ± 0,69. All propolis extracts didn’t present any inhibition zones against E.coli.

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References

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