FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN EKSASERBASI PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIK (PPOK) DI RSUD DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK
Keywords:
Eksaserbasi PPOK, Faktor risiko, RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek, Status Merokok
Abstract
Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) adalah penyakit paru kronik dengan gejala seperti sesak napas, batuk, dan produksi sputum yang bisa mengalami perburukan atau eksaserbasi. Identifikasi faktor risiko eksaserbasi PPOK penting untuk strategi pencegahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan prevalensi, karakteristik, dan faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan eksaserbasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling pada 90 pasien PPOK yang menjalani rawat inap di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi (pasien diagnosis PPOK/kode ICD J44 yang melakukan pengobatan rawat inap periode Juni-Agustus 2023; usia ≥40 tahun) dan eksklusi (rekam medis yang tidak dapat terbaca dan tidak lengkap). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Data sekunder berupa rekam medik dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi eksaserbasi PPOK sebesar 58%. Karakteristik pasien PPOK yaitu berjenis kelamin laki-laki (79%), usia >60 tahun (56%), perokok (62%), memiliki komorbid (95%), tidak mengalami eksaserbasi dalam satu tahun terakhir (62%), dan tidak ada riwayat penggunaan kortikosteroid sistemik (53%). Variabel status merokok (p=0,002) dan riwayat eksaserbasi sebelumnya (p=0,035) menjadi dua dari lima variabel yang menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dalam analisis bivariat. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan status merokok sebagai faktor paling berhubungan dengan eksaserbasi PPOK (p=0,003; OR=12,137; 95% CI=2,312-63,714). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, faktor risiko eksaserbasi PPOK mencakup status merokok dan riwayat eksaserbasi dalam satu tahun terakhir, dengan status merokok merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan terhadap kejadian eksaserbasi PPOK.
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References
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[31] C. F. Vogelmeier, J. Diesing, N. Kossack, M. Pignot, and F. W. Friedrich, “COPD Exacerbation History and Impact on Future Exacerbations – 8-Year Retrospective Observational Database Cohort Study from Germany,” Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol. Volume 16, pp. 2407–2417, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.2147/COPD.S322036.
[32] D. P. Blagev et al., “Stability of Frequency of Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Health Care Utilization in Clinical Populations,” Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Journal of the COPD Foundation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 208–220, 2018, doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.5.3.2017.0183.
[33] A. Asyrofy, T. Arisdiani, and M. Aspihan, “Karakteristik dan kualitas hidup pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Konik (PPOK),” NURSCOPE: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Ilmiah Keperawatan, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 13, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.30659/nurscope.7.1.13-21
[35] N. Putcha, M. B. Drummond, R. A. Wise, and N. N. Hansel, “Comorbidities and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prevalence, Influence on Outcomes, and Management,” Semin Respir Crit Care Med, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 575–591, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1556063.
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