Physical Stability Evaluation of an Anti-Aging Night Cream Based on Snail Mucin and Niacinamide

Abstract

Skin aging is associated with impaired barrier function, reduced hydration, and degradation of collagen and elastin, which may be accelerated by environmental exposure. Snail secretion filtrate, commonly known as snail mucin, and niacinamide are cosmetic active ingredients with potential roles in supporting hydration, skin regeneration, barrier repair, and the management of visible signs of skin aging. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the preliminary physical stability of an anti-aging night cream based on snail mucin and niacinamide. The formulation was prepared as an oil-in-water emulsion containing 3.3% snail secretion filtrate and 2.4% niacinamide. Physical evaluations included organoleptic observation, homogeneity, pH, initial viscosity, emulsion type, spreadability, and a cycling test at 4°C and 40°C. The results showed that the cream was white in color, had a melon fragrance with a slight base odor, exhibited a semisolid texture, was homogeneous, and was classified as an oil-in-water emulsion. The pH increased from 6.21 to 6.47 after the cycling test, while spreadability decreased from 6.95 cm to 6.45 cm; however, both values remained within acceptable ranges for topical preparations. The initial viscosity indicated semisolid characteristics, with values ranging from 7040 to 1935 mPa·s at rotational speeds of 6–30 rpm. No phase separation or significant organoleptic changes were observed after testing. The snail mucin–niacinamide night cream formulation demonstrated good preliminary physical stability; however, further studies on long-term stability, safety, and skin efficacy are required.