Journal of Earth Science and Geomatics Indonesia

Monitoring the Growth of Built-up Areas in Bandar Lampung City (2020-2024) Based on Sentinel-2 Data

Muhammad Nabil Al Attar S, Adinda Kanaya Tabitha — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid urbanization in Bandar Lampung City has driven significant land cover changes, necessitating continuous monitoring to support sustainable planning. This study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal changes of built-up areas in Bandar Lampung City during the 2020-2024 period. Utilizing Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), classification and analysis of built-up area growth were conducted across all districts. The results indicate a substantial increase in built-up area by 13,603 km², from 49,412 km² in 2020 to 63,016 km² in 2024. The highest growth was concentrated in suburban areas, indicating an urban sprawl phenomenon, with Sukabumi District experiencing the most rapid increase (54,63%). Conversely, the densely populated city center exhibited limited growth. These findings highlight a shift in development dynamics toward suburban areas, implying increasing environmental pressure. The results of this study can serve as essential information for local governments to strengthen spatial utilization control and formulate strategies for urban disaster risk mitigation.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Recovery and Surface Temperature Dynamics in Fire-Affected Peatlands of Pelalawan, Indonesia (2015–2024)

Chantika Dwi Novita — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 15:50:52 +0000

Peatland fires represent one of the most severe environmental disturbances in Indonesia, altering vegetation structure, soil moisture, and local climate regulation. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation recovery and surface temperature variation in the fire-affected peatlands of Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province, during 2015 to 2024. Multi-temporal satellite datasets including MODIS NDVI (MOD13Q1), MODIS LST (MOD11A2), CHIRPS rainfall, and MODIS Burned Area (MCD64A1) were processed using the Google Earth Engine platform to evaluate ecosystem changes and climatic interactions. The results indicate a significant NDVI increase of 0.0047 per year and a concurrent LST decrease of 0.0847 °C per year, demonstrating progressive vegetation recovery and surface cooling. Strong correlations were found between NDVI and LST (r = 0.65) and between NDVI and rainfall (r = 0.72), confirming the influence of hydrological variability on post-fire regeneration. Spatial analysis revealed that approximately 64 percent of peatlands have transitioned from degraded to recovering conditions, particularly in the western and central zones. These findings highlight the resilience of tropical peat ecosystems under favorable hydrological conditions and provide quantitative evidence to support data-driven peatland restoration and climate adaptation strategies in Indonesia.

Integrated SAR and Optical Approach for Multi-Temporal Flood Mapping in Bandar Lampung

Robby Darmawansyah — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 15:52:42 +0000

Flooding is one of the most frequent hydrometeorological disasters in urban coastal regions, including Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of flood inundation in 2017, 2019, and 2022 using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical imagery. Flood detection was conducted using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from Sentinel-2 and backscatter coefficient thresholding from Sentinel-1 data. The results indicate that Rajabasa, Panjang, and Kedamaian sub-districts experienced recurring flood events, with Rajabasa showing the largest increase in inundation area, reaching approximately 2.2 km² in 2022. The integration of SAR and optical imagery improves flood detection reliability under varying weather conditions. These findings provide important geospatial information to support disaster mitigation planning and sustainable urban development in Bandar Lampung.

Keywords: flood mapping; multi-temporal analysis; sentinel-1; sentinel-2; ndwi; bandar lampung

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Subsidence in Sumatra Island, Indonesia, Based on SuGAr and InaCORS GNSS Observations

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 15:52:14 +0000

The Earth’s surface is a dynamic system where natural and anthropogenic processes can alter its physical form, including land subsidence. In Indonesia, land subsidence has been widely reported in major urban areas; however, its occurrence in Sumatra Island remains less comprehensively quantified. This study investigates land subsidence across Sumatra Island for the period 2010–2023 using continuous GNSS observations from InaCORS and SuGAr stations processed with the AUSPOS service. The results indicate cumulative subsidence ranging from 1.10 to 41.40 cm, with average annual rates between 0 and 8.80 cm/year. Over the last three years, cumulative subsidence ranged from 0.30 to 21.50 cm. Subsidence along the eastern coastal region is primarily associated with intensive land use and groundwater extraction, while in the western region it is influenced by tectonic activity and complex geophysical conditions. These findings highlight the necessity of continuous geodetic monitoring to support mitigation and sustainable development planning in Sumatra.

Identification of Settlement Growth and Density Using NDBI from Sentinel-2 Imagery: A Case Study of Sukarame District, South Lampung, Indonesia

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Rapid urban expansion in peri-urban areas of Indonesia requires reliable and up-to-date spatial information to support sustainable planning. This study evaluates the use of the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) derived from Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery to identify settlement growth and density in Sukarame District, South Lampung. Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery acquired in 2018, 2021, and 2024 was processed using standardized atmospheric-corrected surface reflectance data. NDBI values were calculated from the shortwave infrared and near-infrared bands and classified into settlement density classes. The results show a consistent increase in built-up areas, particularly in zones adjacent to main transportation corridors and educational facilities. Temporal analysis indicates a clear spatial pattern of urban densification between 2018 and 2024, with medium- to high-density settlements expanding significantly. The findings demonstrate that Sentinel-2-based NDBI is effective for monitoring settlement dynamics at the district scale and can serve as a cost-efficient tool to support urban planning and land-use management.